议员和政府官员不断曝出性骚扰丑闻。《今日美国报》网站2017年11月20日报道，自2016年以来，美国20个州中至少有40名议员被100多人公开指控有某种形式的性行为不端或性骚扰。半岛电视台网站2017年12月12日报道，民主党议员阿尔·弗兰肯等人受到有关性骚扰的指控。《华盛顿邮报》网站2017年12月21日报道，参议员办公室用财政资金来解决性骚扰或性歧视的指控，众议员办公室自2008年以来也至少参与处理了10起涉及性骚扰或性歧视的投诉。《华盛顿邮报》网站2017年12月1日发表评论文章称，多名政要被指控性骚扰却受到所属政党包庇，展示了美国政界的丑陋形象。

（注31）英国《卫报》网站（https://www.theguardian.com），2017年12月15日。

毒品及成瘾性药物管控不力。《医学报刊》新闻网站2017年6月13日报道，美国有770万人滥用违禁药物。美国有线电视新闻网2017年12月14日报道，40%的12年级学生、28%的10年级学生和12.9%的8年级学生在过去一年里使用过某种违禁药物。哥伦比亚广播公司网站2017年6月6日报道，2011年至2015年，仅在俄亥俄州就以处方的形式开出了约40亿颗阿片类药物，过量用药成为当今50岁以下美国人死亡的首要原因。据美国疾病控制和预防中心2017年12月发布的报告，2016年美国有超过63600人因用药过量而死亡。（注40）美国广播公司网站2017年12月12日报道，阿片类药物使用量剧增已迫使成千上万的儿童离开他们的家庭，2012年至2016年因毒品导致的寄养案件增加了32%。

Sexual scandals of congressmen continue to happen. The USA Today website said on November 20, 2017 that since 2016 at least 40 lawmakers in 20 states have been publicly accused by more than 100 people of some form of sexual misconduct or harassment. The website of Al Jazeera reported on December 12, 2017 that Democratic Congressman Al Franken, and others have faced the allegations of sexual harassment. According to a report on the Washington Post website on December 21, 2017, a senator's office used Treasury Department fund to settle a claim of sex discrimination or harassment, and the House of Representatives said its member-led offices were involved in settlements of at least 10 allegations of sexual harassment or sex discrimination since 2008. Another report also from the Washington Post website on December 1, 2017 said that the allegations against several political figures were being shielded by their parties, showing an ugly portrait of American politics. 

-- A report of BBC on December 11, 2017 said that of those living in poverty in the United States, there were about 13.3 million children – 18 percent of those under the age of 18. The U.S. Urban Institute statistics revealed that nearly 9 million children in the United States (11.8 percent of American children) would grow up in persistently poor families.

Ineffective gun control has caused continuous growth of gun violence in the United States. A Pew Research Center survey showed that at least two-thirds of the surveyed Americans had lived in a household with a gun at some point in their lives (, June 22, 2017). Seventy-three percent of the homicides for which the FBI received weapons data in 2016 involved the use of firearms, according to the FBI's annual report on national crime statistics released in September 2017 (, September 2017). According to the Gun Violence Archive of 2017, as of December 25, the total number of incidents in the United States was 60,091, which killed 15,182 and injured 30,619. Among the incidents, 338 were mass shooting (, December 25, 2017). On October 1, 2017, a gunman, named as 64-year-old Nevada resident Stephen Paddock, opened fire from the 32nd floor of the Mandalay Bay Hotel in Las Vegas towards an open-air music festival attended by 22,000. Nearly 60 people were killed and about 500 injured in the mass shooting, the deadliest in modern U.S. history (, October 2, 2017). The police found 42 guns, thousands of bullets, and explosives in Paddock's hotel room and his home. On November 5, 2017, at least 26 were dead and 20 were injured after a man dressed in black entered First Baptist Church in Sutherland Springs, Texas armed with a rifle and opened fire on its congregation. Those shot ranged from 5 to 72 years old.

Muslims suffered from discrimination and assaults. On January 27, 2017, the U.S. government issued an order to ban on the entry of citizens from seven Muslim-majority countries: Iran, Iraq, Libya, Somalia, Sudan, Syria and Yemen. The order was labeled as "Muslim ban" as countries involved were mainly Muslim population, and aroused protests in the United States and the world. In a Pew Research Center survey conducted in early 2017, three-quarters of Muslim American adults say there is "a lot" of discrimination against Muslims in the United States, a view shared by 69 percent adults in the general public. In addition, half of U.S. Muslim adults say that in recent years it has become more difficult to be a Muslim in the United States. According to a Pew Research Center analysis of hate crimes statistics from the FBI, the number of assaults against Muslims in the United States rose significantly between 2015 and 2016, surpassing the modern peak reached in 2001, the year of the September 11 terrorist attacks (, November 15, 2017).

Corruption scandals broke out. A survey in 2017 showed that nearly six in 10 Americans believed the level of government corruption has risen in 2017, and nearly seven in 10 people said the government was doing a bad job at combating corruption. The website of CBS News reported on March 14, 2017 that nine military officers including the retired Navy admiral Bruce Loveless were indicted in a bribery scandal as they accepted the services of prostitutes, lavish meals and fancy trips from a defense contractor. The case has charged more than 20 former or current Navy officials.

（注11） 美国有线电视新闻网

The conditions remained precarious for people living in poverty. The Guardian news website reported on December 8, 2017 that 52.3 million Americans lived in "economically distressed communities," representing 17 percent of the U.S. population (, December 8, 2017). The most recent official statistics from the US Census Bureau indicated that more than 40 million people were living in poverty. Almost half of those, 18.5 million, were living in deep poverty, with reported family income below half of the poverty threshold (, December 15, 2017). According to a 2017 report issued by Stanford Center on Poverty and Inequality, the overall poverty rate in the United States' rural South stood at 20 percent, with blacks and black women in the rural South facing poverty rates of 33 percent and 37 percent, respectively. Native Americans in the rural West had the poverty rate as high as 32 percent (inequality.stanford.edu). After his two-week visit in the United States, Philip Alston, the United Nation's special rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights stated that the United States is one of the word's richest and most powerful and technologically innovative countries; but neither its wealth nor its power nor its technology is being harnessed to address the situation in which 40 million people continue to live in poverty. The conclusion he drew was that "the persistence of extreme poverty is a political choice made by those in power" (, December 15, 2017).

（注30）“新闻学”网站（），2017年4月4日。

-- A research from Martin Gilens, a politics professor at Princeton University, showed that American economic policies over the last 40 years "strongly reflect the preferences of the most affluent, but bear virtually no relationship to the preferences of poor or middle-income Americans."

2018年4月

国务院新闻办公室 

（注23） 经济政策研究所网站（），2017年2月13日。

美国既有的种族歧视问题未见缓解，种族关系进一步恶化，社会对立加剧，种族冲突频发。

（注17） 联合国网站（），2017年8月23日。

IV. Rich-Poor Divide Continues Widening

（注13）《洛杉矶时报》网站（），2017年6月19日。

（注43）《今日美国报》网站（https://www.usatoday.com），2017年12月8日。

金钱政治加剧不平等。英国《金融时报》网站2017年7月15日指出，“美国的政治体系已经被巨额资金所扭曲。”美国联邦选举委员会的数据显示，数十个政治行动委员会在2017年第一季度共筹集数千万美元的资金。个人捐助者向政治行动委员会和有关政治实体捐助了2.364亿美元，与2013年第一季度相比增加了约30%。（注26）美国政治响应中心网站12月27日的数据显示，美国2017年的政治游说支出达到近五年来的最高值。（注27）《纽约时报》网站2017年9月20日的评论称，“美国的民主正在被金钱淹没。”金钱政治使得美国过去40年的经济政策“强烈反映了最富有者的偏好，而与贫困人口和中等收入美国人的偏好几乎没有任何关系”。

-- Women suffered from serious threats of sex harassment and infringement. In October 2017, the scandal of American film producer Harvey Weinstein who sexually harassed a number of female stars broke out. Many Americans from all walks of life initiated a "#MeToo(Victim)" campaign on social media platforms to encourage the victims to protest against the widespread sex harassment and infringement, receiving active responses from about a million people. According to a report from the U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, 60 percent of women experienced harassment at work (https://www.usatoday.com, December 8, 2017). According to a report published on November 22 in 2017 on BBC website, former USA Olympic gymnastics sports doctor Larry Nassar was charged with sexual assault against more than 130 women in his care, including a number of Olympic gold medalists. According to a report published on December 18 in 2017 on the website of Huffington Post, Alex Kozinski, a federal appeals court judge, received accusations from multiple former female clerks of inappropriate sexual behavior. According to the annual sex harassment report published in May 2017 by the U.S. Department of Defense, 14,900 cases of sex harassment happened in 2016 in the army (, December 13, 2017). According to a report published on December 15 in 2017 on the website of Huffington Post, the privacy of the female victims could not be guaranteed and they lived in fear that people were going to track them down and figured out who they were, which inflicted negative impact on the victims to lodge a sex harassment accusation. 

Older and physically challenged voters encountered more barriers. The New York Times website reported on November 24, 2017 that voting machines at polling places made it difficult for the elderly and disabled citizens of any age to vote. A survey of 178 polling places showed that the great majority still had impediments outside -- like steep ramps or inadequate parking -- or inside that could discourage or exclude disabled voters.

（注7）《华盛顿邮报》网站（https://www.washingtonpost.com）。

-- On the evening of October 1, 2017, almost 60 people were killed and over 800 injured in a mass shooting in Las Vegas, the deadliest mass shooting in modern U.S. history.

老年人、残疾人行使投票权面临更多障碍。《纽约时报》网站2017年11月24日报道，美国投票站设置的投票机器很难被老年人或残疾人使用。一项针对178个投票站使用情况的调查显示，绝大多数投票站内外都存在通行障碍，如坡道过陡或车位不足，使残疾选民无法参与投票。

（注15）美国有线电视新闻网（），2017年8月12日。

Making cyber warfare tools. The US National Security Agency (NSA) operators had hacked into Pakistani mobile networks and had been spying on hundreds of IP addresses in the country, WikiLeaks claimed (economictimes.indiatimes.com, April 11, 2017). On May 14, 2017, the Zero Hedge website revealed that NSA created "Top Secret Arsenal" of tools that allowed anyone to "back door" into virtually any computer system. An unknown group of hackers used the same set of NSA-created tools to launch a global malware cyber attack by using ransomeware virus, holding at least 200,000 computer systems around the globe hostage (, May 14, 2017).

2017年美国的人权纪录 

-- The Economic Policy Institute released a report on February 13, 2017, saying that the average wealth for white families is seven times higher than average wealth for black families and that median white wealth is twelve times higher than median black wealth. More than one in four black households had zero or negative net worth.

I. Serious Infringement on Civil Rights

目录

（注39）英国《卫报》网站（https://www.theguardian.com），2017年2月24日。

（注32）联合国人权高专办网站（），2017年12月15日。

中华人民共和国 

（注18） 皮尤研究中心网站（），2017年8月29日。

（注42）people-press网站（），2017年12月14日。

（注9）《华盛顿邮报》网站（https://www.washingtonpost.com），2017年2月23日。